Agile: A way of software development

 Agile:

• Follows Divide and Rule.
• Divide the feature implementation into different phases, take continuous feedback from the customer.
• It brings pace to development and delivery.

 When and why Agile is created?

• It was created in 2001.
• To find better approaches to build software or application.
• The Agile Manifesto includes four values

a.  Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
b.  Working software over comprehensive documentation
c.  Customeraboration over contract negotiation
d.  Responding to change 

and twelve principles
a.  Satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of software
b.  Implement the changing requirements
c.  Deliver the working software frequently
d.  Business people and developers must work together throughout the project
e.  Build projects around motivated individuals
f.   Direct communication with the Development Team members
g.  Deliver software that functions as expected by the customer or the end-user
h.  Promote sustainable development
i.   Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design enhances agility
j.   Keep It Simple Stupid principle
k.  Best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from self-organizing teams
l.   At regular intervals, the team reflects on how to become more effective

    •    It helps to integrate new cultures in the application development process.

 Objective: To have a high-quality package with a faster time to market.

 Benefits of Agile:

• Fixed and clear goals
• Visibility
• Incremental product development
• Continuous feedback from customer
• Productivity gains for Dev’s team

 Frameworks

• Scrum: In this work is completed in multiple time box iteration with each iteration or Sprint having a potentially releasable product in the form of product Increment.
• Kanban: It keeps focus on capacity and demands and balances them out.
• Scrumban: Objective of Scrumban to make it relatively easier for Scrum Teams to explore Kanban.
• Extreme programming: Programming in pairs or extensive code review.  

Data Science

Data
Data is the raw facts or figure. Data is divided into the three categories.
1. Structured Data

• A well-organized data in the form of tables on which the work can be done easily.
• In this type of data, searching and accessing an information is very easy.
• Example: Data presented in spreadsheet.

2. Unstructured Data

• It requires advance tools and software’s to access an information.
• Example: Pdf files, word document, audio, video, emails.

3. Semi-Structured Data

• It is a structured data which is un-organised.
• Example: Web data such JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) files, BibTex files.

What is Data Science and Data Scientist?

• Data Science is a field which extract the knowledge and insights from the raw data; by using Maths,Statistics, Computer Science and Programming Language knowledge. And the person who has these skills are called as Data Scientist.
• Data scientist is about being curious, self-driven, and passionate about finding the answers.

What a Data Scientist do?

• Surfacing the hidden insight which can help companies to make smarter business decisions. 
• Data scientist works in various domain such as shipping, healthcare, e-commerce, aviation, finance, education.

How Data Scientist works?
Data Scientist start their work by understanding the business problem and then works with the collection of data, reading - transforming the data in the required format, then visualizing, modelling, evaluating the model and deployment.

Real world use cases of Data Science
Data Science is applied to many problems to predict and calculate the outcomes that would have taken several times more human hours to process.
Real-world examples where Data Scientists are playing a major key role:

• Google’s AI research arm to build the best performing algorithm to detect the object automatically.
• Amazon to personalize their product.
• You tube to automated video classification model.
• Netflix to understand the user’s interest and then produce Netflix original series to produce.

Why Python language is used for Data Science?

• Python is very beginner-friendly language.
• Its syntax is simple to read and follow.
• It supports object-oriented programming, structured programming, and functional programming patterns.
• It is free, open-source software, and consequently anyone can write a library package to extend its functionality.

Artificial Intelligence

 

 

• Term Artificial Intelligence (AI) was first coined by, John McCarthy in 1956.
• Artificial Intelligence is the creation of machines to impersonate the human capabilities.
• AI systems have been used for creating solutions for individuals and society.
• Main areas where AI has made the most possible advancements are:
  • To see
  • To communicate
  • To move
  • To think

 

 Areas where AI is used

• Music and Media: Apps like Spotify, Netflix, or YouTube.  
• Smart Home Devices: To adjust the house temperature and lighting based on the preferences.
• Smart phones: Features like face detection, virtual reality elements, photo editor.
• Social Media Feeds: Feeds that you see in your timeline along with the notifications.
• Video Games: Game such as PUBG or Fortnite.
• Navigation and Travel: Google Maps.
• Security and Surveillance: Object recognition and facial recognition.  

 

Gamification

 Gamification is the process of adding the game-like components to a task as to encourage the user participation.  

 

 Natural Language Processing

Technology with which the machine understands the human language and then perform an action based on the command. 

 

Computer Vision

 Computer Vision is concerned with both the theory and technology for building up an Artificial system which obtain information from images.

 

Smart Home

A home which one can managed remotely to control the appliances such as TV, AC, fridge with smartphone.

Google Home

A smart speaker which is a Google device and can be integrated with the automation to control home appliances with voice recognition by using internet.

Smart City

Smart City is an urban city which uses Internet of Things (IoT) to collect the data and information to improve the quality of government services easily and effectively.

 

AI Ethics

AI Ethics is the study of values and generating moral values for good or bad, right or wrong.

Robot ethics/ Roboethics

Robot ethics can be defined as the Morality of how humans’ constructs, design, use and treat the robots and the other artificially intelligent created beings.

Machine Learning bias/ AI bias

A phenomenon which occurs when an algorithm produces a discriminatory result due to incorrect assumptions.

 

 

 

 

 

Python

• A high-level programming language
• Created by Guido Van Rossum (Benevolent Dictator for Life)
• First released in 1991
• Python interpreters are available for many Operating Systems

Why Python is popular:

• It is free to use and distribute
• Its code is readable, reusable and maintainable
• Its program runs on every major platform which is currently in use
• It has strong library support from Text pattern matching to networking
• It can communicate with COM, .NET frameworks

Python is powerful as:

• It allows dynamic typing and has powerful library  
• No need to declare variable
• It allows automatic allocation and garbage collection
• It supports classes, modules and exceptions
• It gives interactive programming experience

Python is used for:

• System programming
• Building GUI applications
• Internet scripting
• Database programming
• Game, Robotics programming

Some organizations which uses Python:

• Google: for web search system
• YouTube: for video sharing service
• JP Morgan, Chase, UBS: for financial market forecasting
• NASA, FermiLab: for scientific programming
• NSA: for cryptographic and intelligence analysis

You can get Python source code, binaries and documentation:

• Python official website: www.python.org
• Documentation website: www.python.org/doc

Once the Python is installed, the program development can be done by using the built-in Python Integrated Development and Learning Environment (IDLE).

In case, if you have not install any Python development tool on your machine, you can use the online Python shells. Some of the online Python shells are:

• https://www.python.org/shell/
• https://ideone.com/
• https://repl.it/languages/python3